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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>ASCIIMathML: Math on the web for everyone</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
#menu, #title, #subtitle, #author, .display {text-align: center}
body {font-family: Arial; background-color:beige}
p,table {font-family: Times}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
| <a href="asciimath.html">Home Page</a> |
<a href="asciimathsyntax.html">Syntax</a> |
<a href="asciimathdemo.html">Try it</a> |
<a href="asciimathcalculator.html">Calculator</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/asciimathdownload.html">Download</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathGraphs.html">Graphs</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathFAQ.html">ASCIIMath FAQ</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathMLSandbox.html">Sandbox</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathCommentsAndSuggestions.html">Comments</a> |
</div>
<hr/>
<h2 id="title">
ASCIIMathML.js (ver 2.0): Translating ASCII math notation to MathML
and graphics</h2>
<h4 align="center">
Would you or your students like to <i>easily</i> produce
<i>good-looking</i> math formulas on webpages<br/>
using a <i>simple</i> calculator-style syntax and your
own ASCII or HTML editor?
<br/>
Here is a free multi-platform solution (and if you prefer it,
LaTeX-style formulas also work).
</h4>
<center>
<b><font color="red">Now even easier to use:</font>
<font color="green"> just add one line to your
HTML file to load ASCIIMathML.js
</font></b><p>
ASCIIMathML.js is mentioned on the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/Math/">MathML</a> page of the <a
href="http://www.w3.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</a>, also on <a
href="http://mathforge.net/index.jsp">mathforge.net</a> and <a
href="http://mathforum.org/library/resource_types/typesetting/">The
Math Forum.</a>
</p>
<font color="red"><b>New:</b></font> Now with <b>automatic math recognition</b>
mode, better LaTeX support and graphics integration<br/>
A <a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathMLMoodleFilter.html">Moodle filter</a> and a <a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathMLPmWikiCookbook.html">PmWiki cookbook</a> are also available<br/>
<a href="http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/dlippman/asciimathtex/AMT.html">ASCIIMath Image Fallback Scripts</a> by David Lippman (including a Moodle filter)<br/>
and a <a href="http://www.maths.nottingham.ac.uk/personal/drw/lm.html">LaTeXMathML</a> version of ASCIIMathML by <a href="http://www.maths.nottingham.ac.uk/personal/drw/">Dr Douglas R. Woodall</a>
(<a href="http://www.maths.nott.ac.uk/personal/drw/lmtest.html">examples</a>)
<br />
<a href="http://math.chapman.edu/~jipsen/asciencepad/asciencepad.html">ASciencePad</a> is a WYSIWYG editor that integrates
<a href="http://www.tiddlywiki.com/">TiddlyWiki</a>, ASCIIMathML and ASCIIsvg graphs.<br />
It's free and works locally (no installation or server required).<br />
Useful information about <a
href="http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~james/ASCIIMathMLinfo.html">ASCIIMathML</a>
by <a href="http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~james/">James Gray</a>, including
a nice <a href="http://www.maths.ed.ac.uk/~james/ASCIIMathTutorial.html">tutorial</a>.<br />
ASCIIMathML also works with <a href="http://www.meyerweb.com/eric/tools/s5/">S5</a> (CSS
Presentation slide show; <a href="http://math.chapman.edu/~jipsen/talks/MathFest2005/JipsenMathFestSlides2005.html">S5 ASCIIMath example</a>)<br/>
and in valid
<a href="http://math.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/asciimathandmathmlsvg.xhtml">
XHTML pages with standard MathML and SVG</a> in several browsers.
<br/>
ASCIIMathML is being used with Movable Type, WordPress, phpBB, and many wikis.
<br/>
Also available: A PHP port of ASCIIMathML.js to <a
href="http://www.jcphysics.com/ASCIIMath/">ASCIIMathPHP</a> by <a
href="mailto:kc56@cornell.edu">Steven Chan</a>.
</center>
<p>
This is the main page (HTML version) for the ASCIIMathML.js script which allows
incorporating mathematical formulas on webpages with a minimum of
fuss (just add one line to a webpage to load the script).
If you like what you see, choose <b>Save As...</b> in your browser
and this page should work equally well locally on your machine.
</p>
<p class="display">
<b>
This page requires Internet Explorer 6 + <a href=
"http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer/welcome.asp">MathPlayer</a>
or Netscape7.1/Mozilla/Firefox.
</b>
</p>
<p>
ASCIIMathML.js is freely available under the <a
href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General Public
License</a>. You can get your own copy from the <a href=
"http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/asciimathdownload/">ASCIIMathML.js
download page</a>. The script works with both HTML and XHTML webpages.
(The homepage for an XML
version is at <a href="asciimath.xml">asciimath.xml</a> but is no
longer maintained).
</p>
<p>
If you use it on a webpage, please send me an email at <a
href="mailto:jipsen@chapman.edu">jipsen@chapman.edu</a> with the URL
so that I can add a link to it on the <a
href="http://math.chapman.edu/cgi-bin/mathxml.pl?Webpages_that_use_ASCIIMathML.js">users page</a>.
(Also send me an
email if you have problems or would like to provide some feedback.)
I'm currently using ASCIIMathML on a Wikiserver for lecture notes and
<!--a href="http://math.chapman.edu/cgi-bin/mathxml.pl?Calculus_Text_Puzzles">Text
Puzzles</a>. M-->my students are also using it in Moodle
for writing and reading homework in their calculus class and
discrete mathematics class.
<font color="red">
If you just want to display MathML on HTML pages using
Netscape/Mozilla/Firefox or IE+MathPlayer, have a look at <a
href="http://www1.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/mathhtml">mathhtmltest</a>
(the page includes a 50 line JavaScript program that does the trick).
</font>
</p>
<hr/>
<p>
<b>Let's test the ASCIIMathML.js translator on a simple example.</b>
</p>
<p>amath
<b>Example:</b> Solving the quadratic equation.
Suppose a x^2+b x+c=0 and a!=0. We first
divide by \a to get x^2+b/a x+c/a=0.
Then we complete the square and obtain x^2+b/a x+(b/(2a))^2-(b/(2a))^2+c/a=0.
The first three terms factor to give (x+b/(2a))^2=(b^2)/(4a^2)-c/a.
Now we take square roots on both sides and get
x+b/(2a)=+-sqrt((b^2)/(4a^2)-c/a).
Finally we subtract b/(2a) from both sides and simplify to get
the two solutions: x_(1,2)=(-b+-sqrt(b^2 - 4a c))/(2a)
</p>
endamath
<p>
<b>Here is the text that was typed in (<font color="red">using the new
auto-math-recognize mode</font> started by "a``math"):</b>
</p>
<pre>amath
<b>Example:</b> Solving the quadratic equation.
Suppose a x^2+b x+c=0 and a!=0. We first divide by \a to get x^2+b/a x+c/a=0.
Then we complete the square and obtain x^2+b/a x+(b/(2a))^2-(b/(2a))^2+c/a=0.
The first three terms factor to give (x+b/(2a))^2=(b^2)/(4a^2)-c/a.
Now we take square roots on both sides and get x+b/(2a)=+-sqrt((b^2)/(4a^2)-c/a).
Finally we move the b/(2a) to the right and simplify to get
the two solutions: x_(1,2)=(-b+-sqrt(b^2-4a c))/(2a)
</pre>
<hr/>
<center>
<b>
If you don't believe this, copy the text and paste it on the
<a href="asciimathdemo.html">ASCIIMathML.js: Try it yourself</a> demo page.
</b>
</center>
<hr/>
<h4>
Here are a few more examples:
</h4>
<table id="examples" border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr>
<th>Type this</th>
<th>See that</th>
<th>Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`x^2+y_1+z_12^34\`</td>
<td>`x^2+y_1+z_12^34`</td>
<td>subscripts as in TeX, but numbers are treated as a unit</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`sin^-1(x)\`</td>
<td>`sin^-1(x)`</td>
<td>function names are treated as constants</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`d/dxf(x)=lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h\`</td>
<td>`d/dxf(x)=lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h`</td>
<td>complex subscripts are bracketed, displayed under lim</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\$\frac{d}{dx}f(x)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\$</td>
<td>$\frac{d}{dx}f(x)=\lim_{h\to 0}\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}$</td>
<td>standard LaTeX notation is an alternative</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`f(x)=sum_(n=0)^oo(f^((n))(a))/(n!)(x-a)^n\`</td>
<td>`f(x)=sum_(n=0)^oo(f^((n))(a))/(n!)(x-a)^n`</td>
<td>f^((n))(a) must be bracketed, else the numerator is only `a`</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\$f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n\$</td>
<td>$f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{f^{(n)}(a)}{n!}(x-a)^n$</td>
<td>standard LaTeX produces the same result</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`int_0^1f(x)dx\`</td>
<td>`int_0^1f(x)dx`</td>
<td>subscripts must come before superscripts</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`[[a,b],[c,d]]((n),(k))\`</td>
<td>`[[a,b],[c,d]]((n),(k))`</td>
<td>matrices and column vectors are simple to type</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`x/x={(1,if x!=0),(text{undefined},if x=0):}\`</td>
<td>`x/x={(1,if x!=0),(text{undefined},if x=0):}`</td>
<td>piecewise defined function are based on matrix notation</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`a//b\`</td>
<td>`a//b`</td>
<td>use // for inline fractions</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`(a/b)/(c/d)\`</td>
<td>`(a/b)/(c/d)`</td>
<td>with brackets, multiple fraction work as expected</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`a/b/c/d\`</td>
<td>`a/b/c/d`</td>
<td>without brackets the parser chooses this particular expression</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`((a*b))/c\`</td>
<td>`((a*b))/c`</td>
<td>only one level of brackets is removed; * gives standard product</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`sqrt sqrt root3x\`</td>
<td>`sqrt sqrt root3x`</td>
<td>spaces are optional, only serve to split strings that should not match</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`<< a,b >> and {:(x,y),(u,v):}\`</td>
<td>`<< a,b >> and {:(x,y),(u,v):}`</td>
<td>angle brackets and invisible brackets</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`(a,b]={x in RR | a < x <= b}\`</td>
<td>`(a,b]={x in RR | a < x <= b}`</td>
<td>grouping brackets don't have to match</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`abc-123.45^-1.1\`</td>
<td>`abc-123.45^-1.1`</td>
<td>non-tokens are split into single characters,<br/>
but decimal numbers are parsed with possible sign</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`hat(ab) bar(xy) ulA vec v dotx ddot y\`</td>
<td>`hat(ab) bar(xy) ulA vec v dotx ddot y`</td>
<td>accents can be used on any expression (work well in IE)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`bb{AB3}.bbb(AB].cc(AB).fr{AB}.tt[AB].sf(AB)\`</td>
<td>`bb{AB3}.bbb(AB].cc(AB).fr{AB}.tt[AB].sf(AB)`</td>
<td>font commands; can use any brackets around argument</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`stackrel"def"= or \stackrel{\Delta}{=}" "("or ":=)\`</td>
<td>`stackrel"def"= or \stackrel{\Delta}{=}" "("or ":=)`</td>
<td>symbols can be stacked</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>\`{::}_(\ 92)^238U\`</td>
<td>`{::}_(\ 92)^238U`</td>
<td>prescripts simulated by subsuperscripts</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>
If you are familiar with MathML, you can appreciate that this ASCII
input form is less verbose and more readable. If you are familiar with
TeX, this is still somewhat less cluttered. The aim is to have input
notation that is close to graphing calculator notation, so that
students are able to use it on webpages and in emails without having
to learn another specialized syntax.
</p>
<p>
For an explicit description of the input syntax see <a
href="asciimathsyntax.html">ASCIIMathML.js Syntax and List of
Constants</a>.
</p>
<p>
<b>Acknowledgements:</b> Many thanks to the numerous people who have
contributed to the fantastic MathML standard. Without such a
well designed standard, a project like this would be impossible.<br/>
Thanks to the many volunteers who implemented MathML in the
Gecko layout engine for Netscape7/Mozilla/Firefox.<br/>
Thanks to the people at Design Science for producing the excellent
MathPlayer plugin and making it freely available.<br/>
Finally, thanks to the designers and implementors of JavaScript. All
these tools work together fairly seemlessly to allow us to put
mathematical formulas on webpages in a convenient and inexpensive way.<br/>
And thanks to Andrew White for making a logo for ASCIIMathML (see below).
</p>
<hr/>
<div id="author">
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/">Peter Jipsen</a>,
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/">Chapman University</a>, September 2007
<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img border="0"
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
</div>
<p><div class="display">
<a style="color:white" href="../asciimath.html">
<img src="asciimathml.jpeg" alt="ASCIIMathML"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>ASCIIMath Calculator Demo</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
<!--script type="text/javascript">mathfontsize=".9em"</script-->
<style type="text/css">
#menu, #title, #subtitle, #author {text-align: center}
body {font-family: Arial; background-color:beige}
p,table {font-family: Times}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
| <a href="asciimath.html">Home Page</a> |
<a href="asciimathsyntax.html">Syntax</a> |
<a href="asciimathdemo.html">Try it</a> |
<a href="asciimathcalculator.html">Calculator</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/asciimathdownload.html">Download</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathGraphs.html">Graphs</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathFAQ.html">ASCIIMath FAQ</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathMLSandbox.html">Sandbox</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathCommentsAndSuggestions.html">Comments</a> |
</div>
<hr/>
<h2 id="title">
ASCIIMath Scientific Calculator (ver 1.2)
</h2>
<h4 align="center">
A free webpage calculator with live MathML display
</h4>
<h4 align="center">
This page requires Internet Explorer 6+<a
href="http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer">MathPlayer</a>
or Mozilla/Firefox/Netscape 7+.
</h4>
<div class="ASCIIMathCalculator"></div>
<p>
More calculator areas:<br>
<textarea id="in1" rows="2" cols="40" onkeyup="calculate('in1','out1')">
2sin^-1(1)</textarea> &nbsp; <span id="out1"></span>
<p/>
<p>
<textarea id="in2" rows="2" cols="30"
onkeyup="calculate('in2','out2');calculate('in3','out3')">
a=5; b=4; c=-1; (-b+sqrt(b^2-4a*c))/(2a)
</textarea> &nbsp; <span id="out2"></span>
<br/>
<textarea id="in3" rows="1" cols="30"
onkeyup="calculate('in2','out2');calculate('in3','out3')">
(-b-sqrt(b^2-4a*c))/(2a)</textarea> &nbsp; <span id="out3"></span>
</p>
<p>
<b>Note that this is dynamic HTML running locally on your machine.</b>
<br/>
Right-click on the output to copy or view the MathML code (or have it
<b>spoken</b> in IE+MathPlayer).
</p>
<p>
<b>Some technical remarks:</b> This calculator works only in radians.
(Multiply angles by pi/180 to convert from degrees to radians.)
<br/>
The syntax is loosely based on JavaScript and a subset of ASCIIMathML.
<br/>
The multiplication symbol * can be omitted after a digit (0-9)
or a closing parenthesis.
<br/>
Available constants and functions:
<br/>
&nbsp; &nbsp; +, -, *, /, ^, pi, e, sqrt(), ln(), abs(), sign(),
floor(), ceil(), n!, C(n,k), ran(a,b,n)
<br/>
&nbsp; &nbsp; sin(), cos(), tan(), sin^-1(), cos^-1(), tan^-1(),
sinh(), cosh(), tanh(), sinh^-1(), cosh^-1(), tanh^-1()
<br/>
&nbsp; &nbsp; sec(), csc(), cot(), sec^-1(), csc^-1(), cot^-1(),
sech(), csch(), coth(), sech^-1(), csch^-1(), coth^-1()
<br/>
Values can be assigned to (legal JavaScript) variable names.
Use ";" to separate expressions.
<br/>
Any number of calculator textareas can be placed anywhere on <b>your own</b>
webpages.
</p>
ASCIIMathML and this calculator are freely available under the
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU Lesser General
Public License</a>. Please include a link to <a
href="http://asciimathml.sourceforge.net">asciimathml.sourceforge.net</a>
on any webpage that makes use of them, and send a link of your webpage
to <a href="mailto:jipsen@chapman.edu">jipsen@chapman.edu</a>.
<hr/>
<div id="author">
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/">Peter Jipsen</a>,
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/">Chapman University</a>, May 2007
<a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img border="0"
src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
</div>
</body>
</html>

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Changes file for ASCIIMathML.js
===============================
Sep 27, 2007 Version 2.0
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML20.js)
- included LaTeXMathML.js and ASCIIsvg.js in the ASCIIMathML script
- changed license to GNU LGPL 2.1
- Added auto-math-recognize mode (amath ... endamath)
- Added some LaTeX environments and simple formatting
- Created Moodle filter and PmWiki cookbook
- Added MathML text labels to SVG graphs
- Fixed SVG cursor tracking in Firefox
- Added stroke/fillopacity to graphs
- Simplified syntax for graph inclusion
- SVG mouseevents are now added in the scope of the graph code
- MathML fontsize can now be magnified relative to surrounding text
-------------------------------
Aug 7, 2005 Version 1.4.7
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML147.js)
- changed IE MathML prefix from mml: to m: (default of MathPlayer, so now
<html> works without the xmlns attribute)
- for IE the script now writes out the <object ...> and <?import ...> tags
simplifying the header file significantly
- script now uses a generic onload (by www.brothercake.com) so
no need for onload="translate()" in <body> (but earlier pages still work)
- ASCIIMathML.js can now be used on any HTML page by just adding one line to
load the script. So validating your HTML pages is now possible, and use
of HTML editors is simple.
- added unparametrized macros: put <script>newcommand("short","long")</script>
on your webpage and each occurrence of "short" is replaced by "long"
- added /_ (\angle) and :. (\therefore) as symbols
- made an ASCIIMath plugin for Xinha HTML editor (see editor link on homepage)
with instant preview, template popup and builtin calculator
-------------------------------
Apr 23, 2005 Version 1.4.6
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML146.js)
- added "showasciiformulaonhover" variable; if true then pointing at a MathML
expression shows the ascii form that produces the expression
- added "decimalsign" variable; default is "."
- removed "separatetokens" option (to speed up token recognition)
- changed |-, |=, |_, _| to |--, |==, |__, __| to avoid parsing problems
e.g. |-x|, |x|=a, ||A||_1 now parse as expected
- changed parser so that "-" is unary if previous token is INFIX
e.g. now x^-y works like x^(-y) (but x-y is same as x - y)
- added "spanclassAM" option; invoked by translate(true), all math should
then be delimited by <span class="AM">...</span>; translate() works as before
-------------------------------
Jan 30, 2005 Version 1.4.5
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML145.js)
- added TEXT token type for \text{...}, \mbox{...} and "..."
- changed sin, cos, tan, ..., lcm to UNARY type (func); now 1/sinx works
- changed parser so that ^, _ have priority over /
now x_1/3^2 works like (x_1)/(3^2)
-------------------------------
Jan 14, 2005 Version 1.4.4
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML144.js)
- added "mathfontfamily" variable (default "serif")
- mathcolor and mathfontfamily can be "" to inherit values of surrounding text
- added "AMdelimiter" variables to set math delimiters (default "`" and "$")
- added LEFTRIGHT token type for "|"; now `|x|` displays like `{:|x|:}`;
a single | still parses as \mid e.g. in {x | x > 0}
-------------------------------
Dec 28, 2004 Version 1.4.3
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML143.js)
- added mapsto |->
- fixed a parsing error that was generated by incomplete fractions (1/)
- fixed parsing of negative numbers (<mn>-1</mn> is now translated to
<mrow><mo>-</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow>)
- added notifyIfNoMathML flag. If false, no note is inserted at top of page.
- included ASCIIMathCalculator.js: a small script that implements a
webpage calculator with live MathML preview
-------------------------------
Nov 12, 2004 Version 1.4.2
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML142.js)
- added constants for: setminus, vdots, ddots, glb, lub
-------------------------------
Aug 16, 2004 Version 1.4.1
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML141.js)
- fixed a typo to make the check for MathML capability work correctly
- added stackrel command (mover in MathML), e.g. stackrel{def}{=}
- added := as binary relation to get spacing right in Mozilla/Firefox/Netscape
-------------------------------
July 13, 2004 Version 1.4
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML4.js)
- cleaned up the js code, thanks to some very helpful suggestions by Alex V.
- most global variables prefixed with "AM" to avoid conflict with ASCIIsvg.js
- added macro definition ability to define dx, dy, dz, ...
e.g. now dx is replaced by {d x}, so `d/dx` can be used rather than `d/(dx)`.
Users can add their own (parameterless) macros.
- added check for MathML capability. If absent, inserts note at top of page.
- unmatched right bracket no longer ends expression. E.g. in `cosx]_0^1`
the "]" is treated simply as a constant symbol (better to use `{:cosx]_0^1`).
- numeric unicode entity names can be used for unnamed symbols, e.g. `&#x2270;`
-------------------------------
Mar 26, 2004 Version 1.3
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML3.js)
- fixed parser so that unary/binary symbols without arguments are treated
as constants (previously generated js error)
- noticed that ASCIIMathML.js does not require XML, actually works in HTML
on multiple browsers (required no change to the script)
- added `"any"` as alternative to `text{any}`
- added min, max as standard function names (subscripts go underneath)
- added o. (\odot) as symbol
- added separatetokens flag: lowercase tokens must be separated by nonletters
(if true, `sinx` is a sequence of 4 variables, instead use `sin x`)
switched off by default, can be switched on (see top of ASCIIMathML.js)
- added (experimental) doubleblankmathdelimiter so a+b is same as `a+b`
switched off by default, can be switched on (see top of ASCIIMathML.js)
-------------------------------
Feb 8, 2004 Version 1.2
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML2.js)
- added accents: hat bar ul vec dot ddot
- added sans-serif font: sf
- both `...` and $...$ are now allowed as math delimiters
- \$ and \` can now be used to insert $ or ` in plain text
- `a text{ sometext }b` now shows the space around "sometext"
- blocks of ASCIIMathML + text can be enclosed in comments <!-- -->
in which case blank lines are converted to paragraph breaks;
inside comments the < character can be used (does not cause XML error)
(use this "comment mode" with caution; future versions of IE or
Mozilla may not display it the same way)
-------------------------------
Jan 9, 2004 Version 1.1
(at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML1.js)
- added \vdash, \models (actually &vDash;!), \vartheta, \bigwedge, \bigvee,
\bigcup, \bigcap, \propto, \oint to symbol table, with ASCII equivalents
- renamed "subset, supset" to their entity names "sube, supe",
added "sub, sup" and their LaTeX equivalents \subset, \supset
- updated webpages
-------------------------------
Jan 6, 2004 Version 1.0
(now at http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/ASCIIMathML0.js)
- calligraphic, black board bold and fraktur fonts are finally working
also in Mozilla/Netscape 7
- added a download page
- added GNU GPL notices
===============================

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<html>
<head>
<title>ASCIIMathML.js demo</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
translateOnLoad=false;
function display() {
var str = document.getElementById("inputText").value;
var outnode = document.getElementById("outputNode");
var n = outnode.childNodes.length;
for (var i=0; i<n; i++)
outnode.removeChild(outnode.firstChild);
outnode.appendChild(document.createTextNode(str));
AMprocessNode(outnode);
}
</script>
<style type="text/css">
#menu, #title, #subtitle, #author {text-align: center}
body {font-family: Arial; background-color:beige;}
</style>
</head>
<body onload="display()">
<div id="menu">
| <a href="asciimath.html">Home Page</a> |
<a href="asciimathsyntax.html">Syntax</a> |
<a href="asciimathdemo.html">Try it</a> |
<a href="asciimathcalculator.html">Calculator</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/asciimathdownload.html">Download</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathGraphs.html">Graphs</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathFAQ.html">ASCIIMath FAQ</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathMLSandbox.html">Sandbox</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathCommentsAndSuggestions.html">Comments</a> |
</div>
<hr/>
<h2 id="title">
ASCIIMathML.js: Try it yourself (HTML version)
</h2>
<center>
<b>
This page requires Internet Explorer 6+<a
href="http://www.dessci.com/en/products/mathplayer">MathPlayer</a>
or Mozilla/Firefox/Netscape 7+.
</b>
<p>
Edit the formulas below (the display updates dynamically).
If you know (La)TeX formula syntax, you can try some of that as well
(LaTeX formulas work best when enclosed in $-signs).
The "amath" token switches on the new auto-math-recognize mode.</p>
<form>
<textarea id="inputText" rows="10" cols="80" onkeyup="display()">
amath
Let's try some interesting formulas: E=m c^2
and e^(i pi)=-1
and AA x in CC (sin^2x+cos^2x=1)
and one more: sum_(i=1)^n i^3=((n(n+1))/2)^2
(add your own -- note that text-tokens are only recognized if separated by spaces)
</textarea>
</form>
<p>
<div id="outputNode"></div>
</p>
<hr/>
<p>
<b>Note that this is dynamic XHTML running locally on your machine!</b>
<br>
Right-click on an output formula to copy or view the MathML code.
</p>
</center>
(Copy and paste the following lines to see what symbols they produce)<br/>
<b>You can use the following ASCIIMathML constructs:</b>
<tt> `(x+1)/(x-1) x^(i+j) x_(ij) sqrt(x) root(n)(x) stackrel(+)(->) text(any) "any"`</tt><br/>
<b>Operation symbols</b>
<tt> `+ - * ** // \\ xx -: @ o+ ox sum prod ^^ ^^^ vv vvv nn nnn uu uuu`</tt><br/>
<b>Relation symbols</b>
<tt> `= != &lt; &lt;= > >= -&lt; >- in !in sub sup sube supe -= ~= ~~ prop`</tt><br/>
<b>Logical symbols</b><tt> `\and \or \not => if iff AA EE _|_ TT |-- |==`</tt><br/>
<b>Miscellaneous symbols</b>
<tt> `int oint del grad +- O/ oo aleph ... cdots \ quad qquad diamond square |__ __| |~ ~| CC NN QQ RR ZZ`</tt><br/>
<b>Standard functions</b>
<tt> `sin cos tan csc sec cot sinh cosh tanh log ln det dim lim mod gcd lcm`</tt><br/>
<b>Grouping brackets</b><tt> `( ) [ ] { } (: :) {: :}` </tt>
<b>Arrows</b><tt> `uarr darr rarr -> larr harr rArr lArr hArr` </tt><br/>
<b>Accents</b><tt> `hatx barx ulx vecx dotx ddotx` </tt>
<b>Font commands</b><tt> `bbA bbbA ccA ttA frA sfA` </tt>
<b>Matrices</b><tt> `[[a,b],[c,d]] ((1,0),(0,1))` </tt><br/>
<b>Greek letters</b><tt> `alpha beta chi delta Delta epsi eta gamma Gamma
iota kappa lambda Lambda mu nu omega Omega phi Phi pi Pi psi rho sigma Sigma
tau theta Theta upsilon xi Xi zeta`</tt>
<p>
This demo page shows that ASCIIMathML.js can be used easily to
dynamically preview mathematical formulas (client-side). E.g. here is a
(beta) webpage that can be used to <b><a
href="http://math.chapman.edu/email/">write and read
mathematical emails and discussion group articles</a></b>. Since most
email communication is still done with ASCII text (or at least not yet
with XHTML), this is a reasonable (and inexpensive) solution for
communicating with students in online math courses.
</p>
<hr/>
<div id="author">
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/">Peter Jipsen</a>,
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/">Chapman University</a>, September 2007
</div>
</body>
</html>

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<html>
<head>
<title>Extending ASCIIMathML</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
define("!<=","\u2270")
define("!>=","\u2271")
newcommand("\\nle","\u2270")
newcommand("\\nge","\u2271")
</script>
</head>
<body bgcolor="beige">
<h2>ASCIIMathML.js: Extending the symbol table</h2>
<p>
The standard symbol table of ASCIIMathML.js does not contain many symbols.
It can be extended by adding additional symbols on any webpage that
requires them. This is done by adding a few lines of JavaScript code.
</p>
<p>
For example, suppose we want to add symbols for "not less or equal" and
"not greater or equal".
</p>
<p>
We first have to find the four-digit hexadecimal Unicode value for
these symbols by looking them up at, say, <a
href="http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/chapter6.html#chars.entity.tables">http://www.w3.org/TR/MathML2/chapter6.html#chars.entity.tables</a>
</p>
<p>
Next we have to decide what input strings we want to associate with these
symbols, say "!<=" and "!>=".
</p>
<p>
Finally we add the following lines to the head or body of our HTML file:
<pre style="border-style:groove">&lt;script type="text/javascript">
define("!<=","\u2270")
define("!>=","\u2271")
&lt;/script>
</pre>
</p>
<p>
Here we test the modified symbol table:
<tt>\`a !<= b !>= c\`</tt> produces `a !<= b !>= c`
</p>
<p>To add a symbol to the LaTeX commands, use the following alternate syntax:
<pre style="border-style:groove">&lt;script type="text/javascript">
newcommand("\\nle","\u2270")
newcommand("\\nge","\u2271")
&lt;/script>
</pre>
</p>
<p>
Now
<tt>\$a \nle b \nge c\$</tt> produces $a \nle b \nge c$.
</p>
<hr/>
<p>
If you know the numeric entity reference of the symbol you want to use
on an ASCIIMathML webpage, you can also refer to the symbol directly
by using that reference. E.g \`&amp;#x2270;\` produces `&#x2270;`.
If a symbol is only used occasionally, this is certainly the simplest
way to include it.
</p>
</body>
</html>

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<html xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<head>
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
<title>ASCIIMathML sample page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>ASCIIMathML.js sample page</h2>
<p>
Use auto-math-recognize mode (amath here x^2 and text is
mixed endamath) or surround ASCIIMath formulas
with left-quotes:
`sum_(i=1)^n i=(n(n+1))/2` or LaTeX formulas with \$-signs
$\int_0^{\pi/2} \sin x\,dx=1$.
</p>
<p>
And here is a simple graph:
agraph plot(sin(x)) endagraph
followed by a more elaborate graph (try double-clicking it, also
while holding down shift or alt)
agraph
width=300; height=200; xmin=-5; xmax=5; xscl=1;
plot((x-2)*(x-1)*x*(x+1)*(x+2)/2,-2.5,2.5);
endagraph
</p>
<p>
Note: this page uses a relative link to ASCIIMathML.js,
so the script should be in the same folder as this sample file.
</p>
</body>
</html>

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>ASCIIMathML: Syntax and constants</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
<style type="text/css">
#menu, #title, #subtitle, #author {text-align: center}
body {font-family: Arial; background-color:beige}
p,table {font-family: Times}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="menu">
| <a href="asciimath.html">Home Page</a> |
<a href="asciimathsyntax.html">Syntax</a> |
<a href="asciimathdemo.html">Try it</a> |
<a href="asciimathcalculator.html">Calculator</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/mathml/asciimathdownload.html">Download</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathGraphs.html">Graphs</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathFAQ.html">ASCIIMath FAQ</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathMLSandbox.html">Sandbox</a> |
<a href="http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math/index.php/ASCIIMathML/ASCIIMathCommentsAndSuggestions.html">Comments</a> |
</div>
<hr/>
<h2 id="title">
ASCIIMathML.js (ver 2.0): Syntax and List of Constants
</h2>
<h4 id="subtitle">
The main aims of the ASCIIMathML syntax are: -- 1. close to standard
mathematical notation -- 2. easy to read -- 3. easy to type
</h4>
<p>
You can use your favorite editor to write HTML pages that use this
JavaScript program. If the page is viewed by a browser that does not
support MathML or JavaScript, the ASCII formulas are still quite
readable. Most users will not have to read the technicalities on
this page. If you type
</p>
<pre>amath x^2 or a_(m n) or a_{m n} or (x+1)/y or sqrtx endamath</pre>
<p>
you pretty much get what you expect: amath x^2 or a_(m n) or a_{m n} or
(x+1)/y or sqrtx endamath. The a``math ... enda``math tokens are used to
start/stop the <b>new auto-math-recognize mode</b>. Of course one can still use
the \`...\` back-quotes to delimit math formulas explicitly
(\$...\$ should only be used for LaTeX formulas).
The choice of grouping parenthesis is up to you
(they don't have to match either). If the displayed expression can be
parsed uniquely without them, they are omitted. Printing the table of
constant symbols (below) may be helpful (but is not necessary if you
know the LaTeX equivalents).
</p>
<p>
It is hoped that this simple input format for MathML will further
encourage its use on the web. The remainder of this page gives a fairly
detailed specification of the ASCII syntax. <b>The expressions described here
correspond to a wellspecified subset of Presentation MathML and behave
in a predictable way.</b>
</p>
<p>
The syntax is very permissive and does not generate syntax
errors. This allows mathematically incorrect expressions to be
displayed, which is important for teaching purposes. It also causes
less frustration when previewing formulas.
</p>
<p>
The parser uses no operator precedence and only respects the grouping
brackets, subscripts, superscript, fractions and (square) roots. This
is done for reasons of efficiency and generality. The resulting MathML
code can quite easily be processed further to ensure additional syntactic
requirements of any particular application.
</p>
<p>
<b>The grammar:</b> Here is a definition of the grammar used to parse
ASCIIMathML expressions. In the Backus-Naur form given below, the
letter on the left of the ::= represents a category of symbols that
could be one of the possible sequences of symbols listed on the right.
The vertical bar | separates the alternatives.
</p>
<pre>c ::= [A-z] | numbers | greek letters | other constant symbols (see below)
u ::= 'sqrt' | 'text' | 'bb' | other unary symbols for font commands
b ::= 'frac' | 'root' | 'stackrel' binary symbols
l ::= ( | [ | { | (: | {: left brackets
r ::= ) | ] | } | :) | :} right brackets
S ::= c | lEr | uS | bSS | "any" simple expression
E ::= SE | S/S |S_S | S^S | S_S^S expression (fraction, sub-, super-, subsuperscript)
</pre>
<p>
<b>The translation rules:</b> Each terminal symbol is translated into
a corresponding MathML node. The constants are mostly converted to
their respective Unicode symbols. The other expressions are converted
as follows:<br/>
<table>
<tr><td>l`S`r</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mrow>l`S`r&lt;/mrow>
(note that any pair of brackets can be used to delimit subexpressions,
they don't have to match)</td></tr>
<tr><td>sqrt `S`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;msqrt>`S'`&lt;/msqrt></td></tr>
<tr><td>text `S`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mtext>`S'`&lt;/mtext></td></tr>
<tr><td>"any"</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mtext>any&lt;/mtext></td></tr>
<tr><td>
frac `S_1` `S_2`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mfrac>`S_1'` `S_2'`&lt;/mfrac>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
root `S_1` `S_2`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mroot>`S_2'` `S_1'`&lt;/mroot>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
stackrel `S_1` `S_2`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mover>`S_2'` `S_1'`&lt;/mover>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
`S_1`/`S_2`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;mfrac>`S_1'` `S_2'`&lt;/mfrac>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
`S_1`_`S_2`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;msub>`S_1` `S_2'`&lt;/msub>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
`S_1`^`S_2`</td><td>`to`</td><td>&lt;msup>`S_1` `S_2'`&lt;/msup>
</td></tr>
<tr><td>
`S_1`_`S_2`^`S_3`</td><td>`to`</td>
<td>&lt;msubsup>`S_1` `S_2'` `S_3'`&lt;/msubsup> or
&lt;munderover>`S_1` `S_2'` `S_3'`&lt;/munderover> (in some cases)
</td></tr>
</table>
In the rules above, the expression `S'` is the same as `S`, except that if
`S` has an outer level of brackets, then `S'` is the expression inside
these brackets.
<p>
<b>Matrices:</b> A simple syntax for matrices is also recognized:
<br/>
<tt>l(`S_(11)`,...,`S_(1n)`),(...),(`S_(m1)`,...,`S_(mn)`)r</tt>
&#x00A0; &#x00A0; or &#x00A0; &#x00A0;
<tt>l[`S_(11)`,...,`S_(1n)`],[...],[`S_(m1)`,...,`S_(mn)`]r</tt>.
<br/>
Here <tt>l</tt> and <tt>r</tt> stand for any of the left and right
brackets (just like in the grammar they do not have to match). Both of
these expressions are translated to
<br/>
&lt;mrow>l&lt;mtable>&lt;mtr>&lt;mtd>`S_(11)`&lt;/mtd>...
&lt;mtd>`S_(1n)`&lt;/mtd>&lt;/mtr>...
&lt;mtr>&lt;mtd>`S_(m1)`&lt;/mtd>...
&lt;mtd>`S_(mn)`&lt;/mtd>&lt;/mtr>&lt;/mtable>r&lt;/mrow>.
<br/>
For example
<tt>{(S_(11),...,S_(1n)),(vdots,ddots,vdots),(S_(m1),...,S_(mn))]</tt>
displays as `{(S_(11),...,S_(1n)),(vdots,ddots,vdots),(S_(m1),...,S_(mn))]`.
<br/>
Note that each row must have the same number of expressions, and there
should be at least two rows.
<p>
<b>Tokenization:</b> The input formula is broken into tokens using a
"longest matching initial substring search". Suppose the input formula
has been processed from left to right up to a fixed position. The
longest string from the list of constants (given below) that matches
the initial part of the remainder of the formula is the next token. If
there is no matching string, then the first character of the remainder
is the next token. The symbol table at the top of the ASCIIMathML.js
script specifies whether a symbol is a math operator (surrounded by a
&lt;mo> tag) or a math identifier (surrounded by a &lt;mi> tag). For
single character tokens, letters are treated as math identifiers, and
non-alphanumeric characters are treated as math operators. For digits,
see "Numbers" below.
<p>
Spaces are significant when they separate characters and thus prevent
a certain string of characters from matching one of the
constants. Multiple spaces and end-of-line characters are equivalent
to a single space.
</p>
<h4>
Now for a complete list of constants (<a
href="http://math.chapman.edu/cgi-bin/mathxml.pl?Complete_list_of_LaTeX_constants">standard
LaTeX names</a> also work):
</h4>
<p>
Numbers: A string of digits, optionally preceded by a minus sign, and
optionally followed by a decimal point (a period) and another string
of digits, is parsed as a single token and converted to a MathML
number, i.e., enclosed with the &lt;mn> tag. If it is not desirable to
have a preceding minus sign be part of the number, a space should be inserted.
Thus <tt>x-1</tt> is converted to &lt;mi>x&lt;/mi>&lt;mn>-1&lt;/mn>, whereas
<tt>x - 1</tt> is converted to &lt;mi>x&lt;/mi>&lt;mo>-&lt;/mo>&lt;mn>1&lt;/mn>.
</p>
<p>
Greek letters:
alpha `alpha`
beta `beta`
chi `chi`
delta `delta`
Delta `Delta`
epsilon `epsilon`
varepsilon `varepsilon`
eta `eta`
gamma `gamma`
Gamma `Gamma`
iota `iota`
kappa `kappa`
lambda `lambda`
Lambda `Lambda`
mu `mu`
nu `nu`
omega `omega`
Omega `Omega`
phi `phi`
varphi `varphi`
Phi `Phi`
pi `pi`
Pi `Pi`
psi `psi`
Psi `Psi`
rho `rho`
sigma `sigma`
Sigma `Sigma`
tau `tau`
theta `theta`
vartheta `vartheta`
Theta `Theta`
upsilon `upsilon`
xi `xi`
Xi `Xi`
zeta `zeta`
</p>
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr valign="top"><td>
Operation symbols
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>+</td><td>`+`</td></tr>
<tr><td>-</td><td>`-`</td></tr>
<tr><td>*</td><td>`*`</td></tr>
<tr><td>**</td><td>`**`</td></tr>
<tr><td>//</td><td>`//`</td></tr>
<tr><td>\\</td><td>`\\ `</td></tr>
<tr><td>xx</td><td>`xx`</td></tr>
<tr><td>-:</td><td>`-:`</td></tr>
<tr><td>@</td><td>`@`</td></tr>
<tr><td>o+</td><td>`o+`</td></tr>
<tr><td>ox</td><td>`ox`</td></tr>
<tr><td>o.</td><td>`o.`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sum</td><td>`sum`</td></tr>
<tr><td>prod</td><td>`prod`</td></tr>
<tr><td>^^</td><td>`^^`</td></tr>
<tr><td>^^^</td><td>`^^^`</td></tr>
<tr><td>vv</td><td>`vv`</td></tr>
<tr><td>vvv</td><td>`vvv`</td></tr>
<tr><td>nn</td><td>`nn`</td></tr>
<tr><td>nnn</td><td>`nnn`</td></tr>
<tr><td>uu</td><td>`uu`</td></tr>
<tr><td>uuu</td><td>`uuu`</td></tr>
</table>
</td><td>
Relation symbols
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>=</td><td>`=`</td></tr>
<tr><td>!=</td><td>`!=`</td></tr>
<tr><td>< </td><td>`<`</td></tr>
<tr><td>></td><td>`>`</td></tr>
<tr><td><=</td><td>`<=`</td></tr>
<tr><td>>=</td><td>`>=`</td></tr>
<tr><td>-<</td><td>`-<`</td></tr>
<tr><td>>-</td><td>`>-`</td></tr>
<tr><td>in</td><td>`in`</td></tr>
<tr><td>!in</td><td>`notin`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sub</td><td>`sub`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sup</td><td>`sup`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sube</td><td>`sube`</td></tr>
<tr><td>supe</td><td>`supe`</td></tr>
<tr><td>-=</td><td>`-=`</td></tr>
<tr><td>~=</td><td>`~=`</td></tr>
<tr><td>~~</td><td>`~~`</td></tr>
<tr><td>prop</td><td>`prop`</td></tr>
</table>
</td><td>
Logical symbols
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>and</td><td>`and`</td></tr>
<tr><td>or</td><td>`or`</td></tr>
<tr><td>not</td><td>`not`</td></tr>
<tr><td>=></td><td>`=>`</td></tr>
<tr><td>if</td><td>`if`</td></tr>
<tr><td>iff</td><td>`iff`</td></tr>
<tr><td>AA</td><td>`AA`</td></tr>
<tr><td>EE</td><td>`EE`</td></tr>
<tr><td>_|_</td><td>`_|_`</td></tr>
<tr><td>TT</td><td>`TT`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|--</td><td>`|--`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|==</td><td>`|==`</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
Grouping brackets
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>(</td><td>`(`</td></tr>
<tr><td>)</td><td>`)`</td></tr>
<tr><td>[</td><td>`[`</td></tr>
<tr><td>]</td><td>`]`</td></tr>
<tr><td>{</td><td>`{`</td></tr>
<tr><td>}</td><td>`}`</td></tr>
<tr><td>(:</td><td>`(:`</td></tr>
<tr><td>:)</td><td>`:)`</td></tr>
<tr><td>{:</td><td>`{:`</td></tr>
<tr><td>:}</td><td>`{::}`</td></tr>
</table>
</td><td>
Miscellaneous symbols
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>int</td><td>`int`</td></tr>
<tr><td>oint</td><td>`oint`</td></tr>
<tr><td>del</td><td>`del`</td></tr>
<tr><td>grad</td><td>`grad`</td></tr>
<tr><td>+-</td><td>`+-`</td></tr>
<tr><td>O/</td><td>`O/`</td></tr>
<tr><td>oo</td><td>`oo`</td></tr>
<tr><td>aleph</td><td>`aleph`</td></tr>
<tr><td>/_</td><td>`/_`</td></tr>
<tr><td>:.</td><td>`:.`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|...|</td><td>|`...`|</td></tr>
<tr><td>|cdots|</td><td>|`cdots`|</td></tr>
<tr><td>vdots</td><td>`vdots`</td></tr>
<tr><td>ddots</td><td>`ddots`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|\ |</td><td>|`\ `|</td></tr>
<tr><td>|quad|</td><td>|`quad`|</td></tr>
<tr><td>diamond</td><td>`diamond`</td></tr>
<tr><td>square</td><td>`square`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|__</td><td>`|__`</td></tr>
<tr><td>__|</td><td>`__|`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|~</td><td>`|~`</td></tr>
<tr><td>~|</td><td>`~|`</td></tr>
<tr><td>CC</td><td>`CC`</td></tr>
<tr><td>NN</td><td>`NN`</td></tr>
<tr><td>QQ</td><td>`QQ`</td></tr>
<tr><td>RR</td><td>`RR`</td></tr>
<tr><td>ZZ</td><td>`ZZ`</td></tr>
</table>
</td><td>
Standard functions
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>sin</td><td>`sin`</td></tr>
<tr><td>cos</td><td>`cos`</td></tr>
<tr><td>tan</td><td>`tan`</td></tr>
<tr><td>csc</td><td>`csc`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sec</td><td>`sec`</td></tr>
<tr><td>cot</td><td>`cot`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sinh</td><td>`sinh`</td></tr>
<tr><td>cosh</td><td>`cosh`</td></tr>
<tr><td>tanh</td><td>`tanh`</td></tr>
<tr><td>log</td><td>`log`</td></tr>
<tr><td>ln</td><td>`ln`</td></tr>
<tr><td>det</td><td>`det`</td></tr>
<tr><td>dim</td><td>`dim`</td></tr>
<tr><td>lim</td><td>`lim`</td></tr>
<tr><td>mod</td><td>`mod`</td></tr>
<tr><td>gcd</td><td>`gcd`</td></tr>
<tr><td>lcm</td><td>`lcm`</td></tr>
<tr><td>min</td><td>`min`</td></tr>
<tr><td>max</td><td>`max`</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
Accents
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>hat x</td><td>`hat x`</td></tr>
<tr><td>bar x</td><td>`bar x`</td></tr>
<tr><td>ul x</td><td>`ul x`</td></tr>
<tr><td>vec x</td><td>`vec x`</td></tr>
<tr><td>dot x</td><td>`dot x`</td></tr>
<tr><td>ddot x</td><td>`ddot x`</td></tr>
</table>
</td><td>
Arrows
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>uarr</td><td>`uarr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>darr</td><td>`darr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>rarr</td><td>`rarr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>-></td><td>`->`</td></tr>
<tr><td>|-></td><td>`|->`</td></tr>
<tr><td>larr</td><td>`larr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>harr</td><td>`harr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>rArr</td><td>`rArr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>lArr</td><td>`lArr`</td></tr>
<tr><td>hArr</td><td>`hArr`</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
Font commands
<table border="5" cellpadding="10">
<tr><th>Type</th><th>See</th></tr>
<tr><td>bb A</td><td>`bb A`</td></tr>
<tr><td>bbb A</td><td>`bbb A`</td></tr>
<tr><td>cc A</td><td>`cc A`</td></tr>
<tr><td>tt A</td><td>`tt A`</td></tr>
<tr><td>fr A</td><td>`fr A`</td></tr>
<tr><td>sf A</td><td>`sf A`</td></tr>
</table>
</td></tr>
</table>
<p>
Of course you may want or need other symbols from the thousands of <a
href="http://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/symbols/comprehensive/symbols-letter.pdf">LaTeX
symbols</a> or <a
href="http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/#links">unicode
symbols</a>. Fortunately ASCIIMathML.js is very <a
href="asciimathextend.html">easy
to extend</a>, so you can tailor it to your specific needs. (This
could be compared to the LaTeX macro files that many users have
developed over the years.)
</p>
<!--p>
Large files with many formulas can take quite some time to display,
especially on older hardware. To address this problem, there is a
version ASCIIMathMLite.js that has a shorter symbol table (without the
LaTeX symbol names) and slightly simplified parser. Send me an email
at <a href="mailto:jipsen@chapman.edu">jipsen@chapman.edu</a> if you
would like a copy.
</p>
<p>
Another version that also recognizes some <a
href="http://www.latex-project.org/">LaTeX</a> layout commands and
(the fairly standard) <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_edit_a_page">Wiki
formatting codes</a> for ASCII text is in the works. This further
simplifies producing mathematical content for the web. However such a
development is less easily justified since there are good free HTML
editors and the HTML syntax is a well-established standard that is
simple enough to be coded by hand.
</p-->
<hr/>
<div id="author">
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/">Peter Jipsen</a>,
<a href="http://www.chapman.edu/">Chapman University</a>, September 2007
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src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401"
alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" height="31" width="88"></a>
</div>
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<svg id="root" xml:space="preserve" width="100%" height="100%"
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ASCIIMathML.js
Brief Instructions (2007-9-28)
This script can be used in any html page and also in systems like Moodle.
The license is LGPL (see top of ASCIIMathML.js for more info).
In a html page, just add the following line near the top of your file:
<script type="text/javascript" src="ASCIIMathML.js"></script>
To install in Moodle, just move this asciimath-x.y.z folder into moodle/filter,
rename the folder "asciimath" and go to the admin panel Modules->Filters
to switch it on.
Then try some ASCIIMath on your webpages: `x/y`
or LaTeX $\sqrt{x}$ and $$\int_0^1 x^2 dx$$ (only a \emph{subset} works,
including a few environments like \begin{theorem}... and \begin{proof})
Try some graphics like agraph plot(sin(x)) endagraph or
\begin{graph}plot(sin(x))\end{graph}
Try the auto-math-recognize mode: amath here we can mix x^2 and text endamath
All this is supposed to work in Firefox on many platforms (recommended;
you may be asked to install math fonts) and in Internet Explorer (only
on WinXP and you have to install MathPlayer and Adobe SVGview).
For more examples, see http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/asciimath.html and
http://mathcs.chapman.edu/~jipsen/math
If you use this script on the web, please send an email to jipsen@chapman.edu
and put a link to http://www.chapman.edu/~jipsen/asciimath.html on your page.
Best wishes with ASCIIMathML.js
Peter Jipsen