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# Cartesian Axes
Axes that follow a cartesian grid are known as 'Cartesian Axes'. Cartesian axes are used for line, bar, and bubble charts. Four cartesian axes are included in Chart.js by default.
* [linear](./linear.md#linear-cartesian-axis)
* [logarithmic](./logarithmic.md#logarithmic-cartesian-axis)
* [category](./category.md#category-cartesian-axis)
* [time](./time.md#time-cartesian-axis)
## Common Configuration
All of the included cartesian axes support a number of common options.
| Name | Type | Default | Description
| ---- | ---- | ------- | -----------
| `type` | `string` | | Type of scale being employed. Custom scales can be created and registered with a string key. This allows changing the type of an axis for a chart.
| `position` | `string` | | Position of the axis in the chart. Possible values are: `'top'`, `'left'`, `'bottom'`, `'right'`
| `offset` | `boolean` | `false` | If true, extra space is added to the both edges and the axis is scaled to fit into the chart area. This is set to `true` for a bar chart by default.
| `id` | `string` | | The ID is used to link datasets and scale axes together. [more...](#axis-id)
| `gridLines` | `object` | | Grid line configuration. [more...](../styling.md#grid-line-configuration)
| `scaleLabel` | `object` | | Scale title configuration. [more...](../labelling.md#scale-title-configuration)
| `ticks` | `object` | | Tick configuration. [more...](#tick-configuration)
### Tick Configuration
The following options are common to all cartesian axes but do not apply to other axes.
| Name | Type | Default | Description
| ---- | ---- | ------- | -----------
| `min` | `number` | | User defined minimum value for the scale, overrides minimum value from data.
| `max` | `number` | | User defined maximum value for the scale, overrides maximum value from data.
| `sampleSize` | `number` | `ticks.length` | The number of ticks to examine when deciding how many labels will fit. Setting a smaller value will be faster, but may be less accurate when there is large variability in label length.
| `autoSkip` | `boolean` | `true` | If true, automatically calculates how many labels can be shown and hides labels accordingly. Labels will be rotated up to `maxRotation` before skipping any. Turn `autoSkip` off to show all labels no matter what.
| `autoSkipPadding` | `number` | `0` | Padding between the ticks on the horizontal axis when `autoSkip` is enabled.
| `labelOffset` | `number` | `0` | Distance in pixels to offset the label from the centre point of the tick (in the x direction for the x axis, and the y direction for the y axis). *Note: this can cause labels at the edges to be cropped by the edge of the canvas*
| `maxRotation` | `number` | `50` | Maximum rotation for tick labels when rotating to condense labels. Note: Rotation doesn't occur until necessary. *Note: Only applicable to horizontal scales.*
| `minRotation` | `number` | `0` | Minimum rotation for tick labels. *Note: Only applicable to horizontal scales.*
| `mirror` | `boolean` | `false` | Flips tick labels around axis, displaying the labels inside the chart instead of outside. *Note: Only applicable to vertical scales.*
| `padding` | `number` | `0` | Padding between the tick label and the axis. When set on a vertical axis, this applies in the horizontal (X) direction. When set on a horizontal axis, this applies in the vertical (Y) direction.
### Axis ID
The properties `dataset.xAxisID` or `dataset.yAxisID` have to match the scale properties `scales.xAxes.id` or `scales.yAxes.id`. This is especially needed if multi-axes charts are used.
```javascript
var myChart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: {
datasets: [{
// This dataset appears on the first axis
yAxisID: 'first-y-axis'
}, {
// This dataset appears on the second axis
yAxisID: 'second-y-axis'
}]
},
options: {
scales: {
yAxes: [{
id: 'first-y-axis',
type: 'linear'
}, {
id: 'second-y-axis',
type: 'linear'
}]
}
}
});
```
## Creating Multiple Axes
With cartesian axes, it is possible to create multiple X and Y axes. To do so, you can add multiple configuration objects to the `xAxes` and `yAxes` properties. When adding new axes, it is important to ensure that you specify the type of the new axes as default types are **not** used in this case.
In the example below, we are creating two Y axes. We then use the `yAxisID` property to map the datasets to their correct axes.
```javascript
var myChart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: {
datasets: [{
data: [20, 50, 100, 75, 25, 0],
label: 'Left dataset',
// This binds the dataset to the left y axis
yAxisID: 'left-y-axis'
}, {
data: [0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.5, 0],
label: 'Right dataset',
// This binds the dataset to the right y axis
yAxisID: 'right-y-axis'
}],
labels: ['Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun']
},
options: {
scales: {
yAxes: [{
id: 'left-y-axis',
type: 'linear',
position: 'left'
}, {
id: 'right-y-axis',
type: 'linear',
position: 'right'
}]
}
}
});
```

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# Category Cartesian Axis
If global configuration is used, labels are drawn from one of the label arrays included in the chart data. If only `data.labels` is defined, this will be used. If `data.xLabels` is defined and the axis is horizontal, this will be used. Similarly, if `data.yLabels` is defined and the axis is vertical, this property will be used. Using both `xLabels` and `yLabels` together can create a chart that uses strings for both the X and Y axes.
Specifying any of the settings above defines the x axis as `type: 'category'` if not defined otherwise. For more fine-grained control of category labels it is also possible to add `labels` as part of the category axis definition. Doing so does not apply the global defaults.
## Category Axis Definition
Globally:
```javascript
let chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: ...
data: {
labels: ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June'],
datasets: ...
}
});
```
As part of axis definition:
```javascript
let chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: ...
data: ...
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
type: 'category',
labels: ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
}]
}
}
});
```
## Tick Configuration Options
The category scale provides the following options for configuring tick marks. They are nested in the `ticks` sub object. These options extend the [common tick configuration](README.md#tick-configuration).
| Name | Type | Default | Description
| ---- | ---- | ------- | -----------
| `labels` | `string[]` | - | An array of labels to display.
| `min` | `string` | | The minimum item to display. [more...](#min-max-configuration)
| `max` | `string` | | The maximum item to display. [more...](#min-max-configuration)
## Min Max Configuration
For both the `min` and `max` properties, the value must be in the `labels` array. In the example below, the x axis would only display "March" through "June".
```javascript
let chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: {
datasets: [{
data: [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]
}],
labels: ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June']
},
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
ticks: {
min: 'March'
}
}]
}
}
});
```

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# Linear Cartesian Axis
The linear scale is use to chart numerical data. It can be placed on either the x or y axis. The scatter chart type automatically configures a line chart to use one of these scales for the x axis. As the name suggests, linear interpolation is used to determine where a value lies on the axis.
## Tick Configuration Options
The following options are provided by the linear scale. They are all located in the `ticks` sub options. These options extend the [common tick configuration](README.md#tick-configuration).
| Name | Type | Default | Description
| ---- | ---- | ------- | -----------
| `beginAtZero` | `boolean` | | if true, scale will include 0 if it is not already included.
| `maxTicksLimit` | `number` | `11` | Maximum number of ticks and gridlines to show.
| `precision` | `number` | | if defined and `stepSize` is not specified, the step size will be rounded to this many decimal places.
| `stepSize` | `number` | | User defined fixed step size for the scale. [more...](#step-size)
| `suggestedMax` | `number` | | Adjustment used when calculating the maximum data value. [more...](#axis-range-settings)
| `suggestedMin` | `number` | | Adjustment used when calculating the minimum data value. [more...](#axis-range-settings)
## Axis Range Settings
Given the number of axis range settings, it is important to understand how they all interact with each other.
The `suggestedMax` and `suggestedMin` settings only change the data values that are used to scale the axis. These are useful for extending the range of the axis while maintaining the auto fit behaviour.
```javascript
let minDataValue = Math.min(mostNegativeValue, options.ticks.suggestedMin);
let maxDataValue = Math.max(mostPositiveValue, options.ticks.suggestedMax);
```
In this example, the largest positive value is 50, but the data maximum is expanded out to 100. However, because the lowest data value is below the `suggestedMin` setting, it is ignored.
```javascript
let chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: {
datasets: [{
label: 'First dataset',
data: [0, 20, 40, 50]
}],
labels: ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April']
},
options: {
scales: {
yAxes: [{
ticks: {
suggestedMin: 50,
suggestedMax: 100
}
}]
}
}
});
```
In contrast to the `suggested*` settings, the `min` and `max` settings set explicit ends to the axes. When these are set, some data points may not be visible.
## Step Size
If set, the scale ticks will be enumerated by multiple of `stepSize`, having one tick per increment. If not set, the ticks are labeled automatically using the nice numbers algorithm.
This example sets up a chart with a y axis that creates ticks at `0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5`.
```javascript
let options = {
scales: {
yAxes: [{
ticks: {
max: 5,
min: 0,
stepSize: 0.5
}
}]
}
};
```

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# Logarithmic Cartesian Axis
The logarithmic scale is use to chart numerical data. It can be placed on either the x or y axis. As the name suggests, logarithmic interpolation is used to determine where a value lies on the axis.
## Tick Configuration Options
The logarithmic scale options extend the [common tick configuration](README.md#tick-configuration). This scale does not define any options that are unique to it.

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# Time Cartesian Axis
The time scale is used to display times and dates. When building its ticks, it will automatically calculate the most comfortable unit base on the size of the scale.
## Date Adapters
The time scale requires both a date library and corresponding adapter to be present. By default, Chart.js includes an adapter for Moment.js. You may wish to [exclude moment](../../getting-started/integration.md) and choose from [other available adapters](https://github.com/chartjs/awesome#adapters) instead.
## Data Sets
### Input Data
The x-axis data points may additionally be specified via the `t` or `x` attribute when using the time scale.
```javascript
data: [{
x: new Date(),
y: 1
}, {
t: new Date(),
y: 10
}]
```
### Date Formats
When providing data for the time scale, Chart.js supports all of the formats that Moment.js accepts. See [Moment.js docs](https://momentjs.com/docs/#/parsing/) for details.
## Configuration Options
The following options are provided by the time scale. You may also set options provided by the [common tick configuration](README.md#tick-configuration).
| Name | Type | Default | Description
| ---- | ---- | ------- | -----------
| `adapters.date` | `object` | `{}` | Options for adapter for external date library if that adapter needs or supports options
| `distribution` | `string` | `'linear'` | How data is plotted. [more...](#scale-distribution)
| `bounds` | `string` | `'data'` | Determines the scale bounds. [more...](#scale-bounds)
| `ticks.source` | `string` | `'auto'` | How ticks are generated. [more...](#ticks-source)
| `time.displayFormats` | `object` | | Sets how different time units are displayed. [more...](#display-formats)
| `time.isoWeekday` | `boolean` | `false` | If true and the unit is set to 'week', then the first day of the week will be Monday. Otherwise, it will be Sunday.
| `time.parser` | <code>string&#124;function</code> | | Custom parser for dates. [more...](#parser)
| `time.round` | `string` | `false` | If defined, dates will be rounded to the start of this unit. See [Time Units](#time-units) below for the allowed units.
| `time.tooltipFormat` | `string` | | The Moment.js format string to use for the tooltip.
| `time.unit` | `string` | `false` | If defined, will force the unit to be a certain type. See [Time Units](#time-units) section below for details.
| `time.stepSize` | `number` | `1` | The number of units between grid lines.
| `time.minUnit` | `string` | `'millisecond'` | The minimum display format to be used for a time unit.
### Time Units
The following time measurements are supported. The names can be passed as strings to the `time.unit` config option to force a certain unit.
* `'millisecond'`
* `'second'`
* `'minute'`
* `'hour'`
* `'day'`
* `'week'`
* `'month'`
* `'quarter'`
* `'year'`
For example, to create a chart with a time scale that always displayed units per month, the following config could be used.
```javascript
var chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: data,
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
type: 'time',
time: {
unit: 'month'
}
}]
}
}
});
```
### Display Formats
The following display formats are used to configure how different time units are formed into strings for the axis tick marks. See [Moment.js](https://momentjs.com/docs/#/displaying/format/) for the allowable format strings.
Name | Default | Example
--- | --- | ---
`millisecond` | `'h:mm:ss.SSS a'` | `'11:20:01.123 AM'`
`second` | `'h:mm:ss a'` | `'11:20:01 AM'`
`minute` | `'h:mm a'` | `'11:20 AM'`
`hour` | `'hA'` | `'11AM'`
`day` | `'MMM D'` | `'Sep 4'`
`week` | `'ll'` | `'Sep 4 2015'`
`month` | `'MMM YYYY'` | `'Sep 2015'`
`quarter` | `'[Q]Q - YYYY'` | `'Q3 - 2015'`
`year` | `'YYYY'` | `'2015'`
For example, to set the display format for the `quarter` unit to show the month and year, the following config would be passed to the chart constructor.
```javascript
var chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: data,
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
type: 'time',
time: {
displayFormats: {
quarter: 'MMM YYYY'
}
}
}]
}
}
});
```
### Scale Distribution
The `distribution` property controls the data distribution along the scale:
* `'linear'`: data are spread according to their time (distances can vary)
* `'series'`: data are spread at the same distance from each other
```javascript
var chart = new Chart(ctx, {
type: 'line',
data: data,
options: {
scales: {
xAxes: [{
type: 'time',
distribution: 'series'
}]
}
}
});
```
### Scale Bounds
The `bounds` property controls the scale boundary strategy (bypassed by `min`/`max` time options).
* `'data'`: makes sure data are fully visible, labels outside are removed
* `'ticks'`: makes sure ticks are fully visible, data outside are truncated
### Ticks Source
The `ticks.source` property controls the ticks generation.
* `'auto'`: generates "optimal" ticks based on scale size and time options
* `'data'`: generates ticks from data (including labels from data `{t|x|y}` objects)
* `'labels'`: generates ticks from user given `labels` ONLY
### Parser
If this property is defined as a string, it is interpreted as a custom format to be used by Moment.js to parse the date.
If this is a function, it must return a Moment.js object given the appropriate data value.